Intervención educativa sobre la diabetes tipos 2 en una población sin hogar de Miami-Dade / Educational Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes in a Miami-Dade Homeless Population

Resumen: Objetivo: Las personas sin hogar tienen significativamente más necesidades de salud y tasas más altas de morbilidad y mortalidad, así como más hospitalizaciones y/o rehospitalizaciones que la población en general, causadas por factores como la pobreza extrema, el acceso deficiente a la atención médica y los desafíos en la adherencia a los medicamentos, por lo cual el presente estudio se propuso aplicar una intervención educativa sobre la diabetes tipo 2, dirigida a las personas sin hogar residentes en un refugio, con el fin de mejorar las técnicas de autocontrol y autocuidado de esta enfermedad crónica. Materiales y métodos: La intervención educativa fue realizada en un refugio para personas sin hogar de Miami Dade, con 250 participantes y consistió en tres sesiones de autocontrol y autocuidado de la diabetes y una lista de recursos de la comunidad en el idioma de preferencia de la persona (inglés o español). Las evaluaciones incluyeron una encuesta antes y después de la intervención y una evaluación previa y posterior mediante el cuestionario Diabetes Knowledge (DKQ-24). Resultados: Datos demográficos: 88% hombres y 12% mujeres, 40% hispanos, 36% afroamericanos, 26% caucásicos, idioma 64% inglés y 36% español. Hubo una diferencia significativa en la medición antes y después de dos meses de la intervención educativa (p <0,000). Conclusiones: La intervención educativa para mejorar la calidad de vida, el autocontrol y el autocuidado de los pacientes sin hogar con diabetes tipo 2 tuvo un efecto positivo y estos resultados pueden proporcionar la base para intervenciones futuras que ayuden a los profesionales de la salud a identificar las necesidades y abordarlas a través de intervenciones educativas adaptadas al contexto. Aprobación n. IRB 17-OR-372-ME del Institutional Review Board (IRB).

Abstract: Objective: Homeless people have significantly more health needs and higher rates of morbidity and mortality, as well as more hospitalizations and / or rehospitalizations than the general population, caused by factors such as extreme poverty, poor access to medical care and the challenges in adherence to medications, for which the present study set out to apply an educational intervention on type 2 diabetes, aimed at homeless people living in a shelter, in order to improve self-control and self-care techniques of this chronic disease. Materials and methods: The educational intervention was conducted in a Miami Dade homeless shelter with 250 participants and consisted of three diabetes self- management and self-care sessions and a list of community resources in the preferred language of the community. person (English or Spanish). The evaluations included a survey before and after the intervention and a pre- and post-evaluation using the Diabetes Knowledge questionnaire (DKQ-24). Results: Demographic data: 88% male and 12% female, 40% Hispanic, 36% African American, 26% Caucasian, 64% English and 36% Spanish language. There was a significant difference in the measurement before and after two months of the educational intervention (p <0.001). Conclusions: Educational intervention to improve the quality of life, self-control, and self-care of homeless patients with type 2 diabetes had a positive effect and these results may provide the basis for future interventions that help health professionals to identify needs and address them through context-specific educational interventions. Approval n. IRB 17-OR-372-ME of the Institutional Review Board (IRB).

The correlation of population, population density, age, and sex to the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 among local government units in the National Capital Region / The Health Sciences Journal

INTRODUCTION@#The NCR had amassed 752,668 cases of COVID-19 as of September 2021, the highest among the regions in the Philippines. This study aimed to determine the correlation between population, population density, age, and sex with the number of cases among local government units (LGU) in the National Capital Region (NCR).@*METHODS@#The data for population, population density, age, and sex distribution of the LGUs of NCR were retrieved from the 2015 Philippine census while the data for cases were from DOH’s COVID-19 Tracker. Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to determine the correlation between population, population density and cases. Phi and Cramer’s V statistic were computed to determine associations between sex, age groups, and cases.@*RESULTS@#There was little or no correlation between population density and number of cases (r = 0.236) but was good (r = 0.905) when Quezon City was excluded for being an outlier. There was good correlation between population and number of cases (r = 964, p < 0.001). There was very weak to no association between sex and number of COVID-19 cases. There was a statistically significant moderate association between age and COVID-19 cases (f = 0.145, p < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The study has shown that population density and population have a good correlation with the number of COVID-19 after Quezon City was removed as a data point. There is a moderate association between age and number of COVID-19 cases. There is a very weak to no association between sex and COVID-19 cases.

Relación entre las dimensiones de personalidad según el P-IPG y la calidad de vida laboral percibida / Relação das dimensões de personalidade segundo o P-IPG e a qualidade de vida profissional percebida / The relation between personality dimensions according to P-IPG and the perceived labor life quality

Resumen La calidad de vida laboral (CVL) y la personalidad constituyen dos de los tópicos de mayor interés en la investigación del comportamiento humano en la organización. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar si es posible predecir la CVL a partir de algunas dimensiones de personalidad. Para su desarrollo, se utilizó un diseño descriptivo correlacional con una muestra conformada por 145 trabajadores de cinco empresas del sector privado de la ciudad de Bogotá. La personalidad se evaluó por medio de la prueba PPG-IPG, de Gordon (1993), y para la calidad de vida se utilizó el PCVL, de Gómez-Rada (2010). Se analizaron los resultados por medio estadísticos descriptivos y de carácter correlacional entre las variables con los coeficientes producto momento de Pearson y los rangos de Spearman. Los resultados muestran que la valoración de la CVL se encuentra relacionada positivamente con el hecho de que el trabajador muestre una personalidad más positiva, en términos de mayor autoestima, cautela, originalidad, comprensión y vitalidad.

Resumo A qualidade de vida profissional (QVP) e a personalidade constituem dois dos tópicos de maior interesse na pesquisa do comportamento humano na organização. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar se é possível predizer a QVP a partir de algumas dimensões de personalidade. Para seu desenvolvimento, foi utilizado um desenho descritivo correlacional com uma amostra conformada por 145 trabalhadores de cinco empresas do setor privado da cidade de Bogotá, Colômbia. A personalidade foi avaliada por meio do teste PPG-IPG, de Gordon (1993), e para a qualidade de vida foi utilizado o PCVL, de Gómez-Rada e Ponce de León (2010). Foram analisados os resultados por meios estatísticos descritivos e de caráter correlacional entre as variáveis com os coeficientes produto momento de Pearson e as categorias de Spearman. Os resultados mostram que a avaliação da QVP se encontra relacionada positivamente com o fato de o trabalhador mostrar uma personalidade mais positiva, em termos de mais autoestima, cautela, originalidade, compreensão e vitalidade.

Abstract Labor life quality (CVL, for its Spanish acronym) and personality conform two of the most interesting topics in human behavior research within the organization. The aim of this research was to identify whether it was possible to predict CVL as of some personality dimensions. To do so a correlational descriptive design was used. The sampling was made up of 145 workers at 5 private sector companies in the city of Bogotá. Personality was evaluated through the Gordon PPG-IPG test, and for life quality, Gómez PCVL (2010) was used. The results were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and the relation between variables was analyzed through Pearson moment-product coefficients and Spearman ranges. Results show that CVL valuation is positively related to the fact that the worker shows a more positive personality in terms of greater self-steem, caution, originality, understanding, and vitality.

Health-related quality of life in patients with permanent pacemaker at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital: A cross-sectional correlational study

Introduction@#The evolution of cardiac pacing is expected to decrease the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but this type of intervention might affect the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and eventually the overall prognosis of the patient. This study assessed the HRQOL in patients with permanent pacemaker using Philippines (Tagalog) Short Form (SF)-36v2 health survey.Introduction:The evolution of cardiac pacing is expected to decrease the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but this type of intervention might affect the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and eventually the overall prognosis of the patient. This study assessed the HRQOL in patients with permanent pacemaker using Philippines (Tagalog) Short Form (SF)-36v2 health survey.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional correlation study was conducted. Philippines (Tagalog) SF-36v2 health survey was administered among patients with permanent pacemaker who had their pacemaker analysis at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital from October to December 2015. The higher the score the better HRQOL and many studies used a cut-off point of 50. Pearson Correlation and Non-Parametric Mann-Whitney Tests were used in this study. @*Results@#Forty-two patients were enrolled in this study. There were 24 male and 18 females with mean interval of age 71.48+12.3. Most of the HRQOL scores were lower than 50. The highest HRQOL scores were vitality and mental health aspect while the worst were role emotional and physical functional aspect. Age, educational attainment, type of permanent pacemaker, pacemaker dependency, NYHA (New York Heart Association) functional capacity and presence of co-morbidities particularly diabetes mellitus type 2 were significant factors for poor HRQOL. @*Conclusion@#This study showed that overall the HRQOL in patients with permanent pacemaker was below average. A comprehensive management in order to improve the HRQOL should be considered among patients with permanent pacemaker.

Gestación tardía: Correlaciones entre características sociodemográficas, gestacionales y resiliencia

El embarazo tardío se refiere a la gestación que ocurre en el grupo de edad de 35 años o más. La resiliencia se define como la capacidad que un determinado sujeto o grupo tiene para pasar por una situación adversa, conseguir superarla y fortalecerse con ella. Se tuvo como objetivo general evaluar la resiliencia en gestantes tardías del municipio de Natal-RN. Investigación correlacional de corte transversal realizada con 150 gestantes tardías en Unidades Básicas de Salud. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: un Cuestionario estructurado y la Escala de Resiliencia. La mayoría de las gestantes presentó bajos ingresos y bajo nivel educativo, una media de edad por debajo de los 40 años, ademas la mayor parte de ellas no planeó el embarazo. La mayoría de las participantes obtuvo entre 126 y 175 puntos en la escala de resiliencia, lo que indica un grado elevado en este constructo. Sin embargo, solamente la variable de estado civíl presentó en la correlación de Pearson un valor negativo, con la variable de resiliencia.

Late-aged pregnancy occurs in the age of 35 or above. Resilience is characterized by the capacity of an individual or group to go through an adverse situation, to overcome it and become stronger, turning it into a stimulus for its or their biopsychosocial development. The general aim was to evaluate resilience amongst late- aged pregnant women from the municipality of Natal-RN. This is a descriptive and transversal cut's correlational research conducted along with 150 late-aged pregnant women in Basic Health Units. The instruments used were: a Structured Questionnare and the Resilience Scale. Most of the pregnant women showed low income and educational level, they had an age average below the 40's; besides that, most of them hadn't planned their pregnancy. Most of the participants had something between 126 and 175 points in the resilience scale which is an elevated indicator of highly degree in this area. Nevertheless, only the marital status presented a Pearson Correlation of the negative type, with a variable resilience.

Comportamento pró-ativo e normas sociais: validação de medidas e estudo correlacional / Proactive behavior and social norms: validation of measures and correlational study

O comportamento pró-ativo se refere a uma série de comportamentos dirigidos a metas em que o trabalhador busca ativamente por oportunidades de mudança e está associado com desempenho e efetividade organizacional. Verifica-se um aumento na literatura sobre o tema e na agenda de pesquisa é apontada a necessidade de serem investigados novos antecedentes, como a influência do grupo. Considerando a lacuna apresentada, o objetivo geral do presente estudo é identificar o impacto das normas sociais na emissão de comportamentos pró-ativos. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos três estudos distintos. No primeiro, foi construída e validada uma medida de normas sociais para a pró-atividade; no segundo, foi validada uma versão reduzida da Escala de Comportamentos Pró-ativos nas Organizações (ECPO), e o terceiro investigou a influência das normas sociais no comportamento pró-ativo. Os resultados mostraram que as medidas desenvolvidas apresentam qualidade psicométrica elevada. A variável antecedente incluída no modelo se mostrou preditora de comportamento pró-ativo, sendo a norma social com maior intensidade aquela que versa sobre o trabalhador que apresenta comportamentos pró-ativos e também encoraja os colegas a fazer o mesmo. Os impactos dos resultados são discutidos no trabalho...

Proactive behavior refers to a series of behaviors directed toward goals in which the employee actively seeks opportunities for change. It is also associated with performance and organizational effectiveness. There is an observed increase in the literature on the topic, and, in the research agenda, an indicated need to investigate new variables, such as the influence of the group. Given the lack of studies that have investigated the influence of the group in these behaviors, the overall goal of this study is to identify the impact of social norms on proactive behavior. To this end, three separate studies were developed. In the first one, a measure of pro-active social norms was constructed and validated; in the second, a short version of the scale of proactive behavior in organizations was validated; and the third one investigated the relationship between the social norm and pro-active behavior variables. The measures developed presented high psychometric properties. Social norms predicted proactive behavior, and the social norm with greater intensity was the one dealing with the worker who presents proactive behaviors, and also encourages co-workers to do the same. The impacts of the results are discussed...

Estrés parental, trato rudo y monitoreo como factores asociados a la conducta agresiva / Parental stress, harsh treatment and parental monitoring as factors associated with aggressive behavior

Esta investigación examinó el aporte de tres prácticas parentales en la explicación de la conducta agresiva. El interés era indagar asociaciones entre estos factores, las diferencias por nivel socioeconómico y las diferencias en los reportes de ambos padres sobre la conducta agresiva de sus hijos. Participaron 256 parejas, con hijos adolescentes. Los resultados muestran que el estrés parental, el trato rudo y el monitoreo se asocian significativamente con la conducta agresiva. El estrés parental fue el factor con mayor peso predictor. Se encontraron diferencias significativas para los tres factores en los niveles socioeconómicos alto y bajo, pero no entre el medio y el alto. En los reportes de los padres, no se encontraron diferencias para estrés y trato rudo, pero sí para el monitoreo.

This research studied the joint contribution of three parenting practices in the explanation of aggressive behavior. The main interest was to investigate the associations between these factors, the socioeconomic status, and the differences between the reports provided by parents in regards to the aggressive behavior of their children. The sample included 256 couples whose children were teenagers with an age range between 12 and 18 years old. The results show that parental stress, the harsh treatment, and monitoring are significantly associated with aggressive behavior of children. Parental stress was the factor with the highest degree of prediction. Significant differences were found for the three factors in high and low socioeconomic levels, but in medium and high were not. As for the versions of the parents, there were no significant differences in stress and rough management, but monitoring.

Autorregulação e consumo de substâncias na adolescência / Self-regulation and substance use in adolescence

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o papel da autorregulação desenvolvimental na adolescência como fator diferenciador do consumo de tabaco e álcool. Para isso, foi utilizada uma amostra de 407 alunos do Ensino Médio, avaliada com o recurso a um conjunto de questões sobre o consumo destas substâncias e ao Inventário de Autorregulação Adolescente (Moilanen, 2007), um instrumento baseado na teoria desenvolvimental sobre a autorregulação. Os resultados sugerem que a autorregulação é um fator diferenciador entre adolescentes que consomem, ou não, substâncias e a intensidade deste consumo. Adolescentes que consomem tendem a apresentar, consistentemente, pontuações mais baixas na autorregulação a curto e longo-prazo. As limitações e implicações dos resultados são apresentadas e discutidas.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of developmental self-regulation in adolescence as a differentiating factor of tobacco and alcohol use. It was used a sample of 407 high school students, assessed with a number of questions about such substances use and the Adolescent Self-regulatory Inventory (Moilanen, 2007), a developmentally based measure about self-regulation. Results suggest that self-regulation is a differentiating factor between adolescents who use substances and those who not, and the intensity of consumption. Teenagers who use alcohol and tobacco seem to present consistently lower scores in short and long-term self-regulation. The limitations and implications of the results are presented and discussed.

Study on the correlation between induced abortion and reproductive tract infections / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the correlation between induced abortion and reproductive tract infections (RTIs). Methods On the basis of keeping the representation of cities under study,53 652 fertile women aged 15-49 were surveyed by using a stratified-cluster-random sampling.Investigation and gynecological examination were conducted by two steps - firstly converging at the clinics, and then visiting those households for someone who did not show up at the clinics. Results Among all the 32.0% (n=16 800) women ever having experienced the history of induced abortion,21.1%(n= 11 090) of them had one, 7.6%(n=3976) women had two, and 4.1%(n=1734) women had at least three events. 59.0%(n=30 959) women among our studied samples had ever had RTI,with 30.9% ( n = 16 215 ) of them had only one 20.0% (n = 10 494 ) women had two and 8.1% (n =4250) had three or more RTIs. Data from x2 text and ordinal regression analysis revealed that the rural married women who underwent more induced abortions were more likely to suffer from RTIs,especially cervical infection and PID. Conclusion Our study showed that the rates of induced abortion and reproductive tract infections among married women in Anhui province were both high.Women who underwent induced abortions had a higher prevalence rate of reproductive tract infections.

Relationship among Cancer-Related Fatigue,Coping Style and Quality of Life in Patients of Breast Cancer with Chemotherapy / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship among the cancer-related fatigue,coping styles and quality of life in breast cancer patients with chemotherapy.Methods:A total 120 female breast cancer patients were selected as the subjects.The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire that was composed of four parts:the demographic data form,the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS),Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS),Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30),and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Breast 23 (QLQ-BR23).The statistical software SPSS was used for data analysis.Cancer-related fatigue,coping styles,quality of life and their related factors were determined by nonparametric tests.Spearman correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship among cancer-related fatigue,coping styles and quality of life in breast cancer patients with chemotherapy.Results:There was a significant negative moderate correlation between cancer-related fatigue and the quality of life (r＝-0.24,P<0.01),and negative correlation between cancer-related fatigue and the total health status (r＝-0.39,P<0.01).The positive coping styles including optimistic and confronting were negatively correlated with cancer-related fatigue (r＝-0.25,-0.18，Ps<0.05),and were positively related to the functional domain of quality of life(r＝0.35，0.21， Ps<0.05).The positive coping styles including emotive,fatalistic,and palliative were positively correlated with cancer-related fatigue (r＝0.25,0.18,and 0.28， Ps<0.05),and were negatively correlated with the functional domain of quality of life (r＝-0.40,-0.32，Ps<0.05),and emotive and fatalistic were positively related to the symptomatic domain of quality of life(r＝0.40,0.28,Ps<0.05).Conclusion:There exists a certain degree of correlation among cancer-related fatigue,coping styles and quality of life in breast cancer patients with chemotherapy,which may guide the clinical care.